![]() ![]() To subtract a TIME value from another TIME value, you use the SUBTIME function. To add a TIME value to another TIME value, you use the ADDTIME function. The following statements illustrate the CURRENT_TIME function in both string and numeric contexts: SELECT CURRENT_TIME() AS string_now,ĬURRENT_TIME() + 0 AS numeric_now Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql ) Adding and Subtracting time from a TIME value The CURRENT_TIME function returns the current time value as a string ( 'HH:MM:SS') or a numeric value ( HHMMSS) depending on the context where the function is used. To get the current time of the database server, you use the CURRENT_TIME function. MySQL provides several useful temporal functions for manipulating TIME data. VALUES( 'Test 4', '9:5:0', 100500) Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql ) Useful MySQL TIME functions If you use the delimiter:, you can use 1 digit to represent hours, minutes, or seconds. A more flexible syntax is 'HH:MM', 'D HH:MM', 'D HH', or 'SS'. VALUES( 'Test 3', 082000, 102000) Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql )įor the time interval, you can use the 'D HH:MM:SS' format where D represents days with a range from 0 to 34. For example, instead of using '082000', you can use 082000 as follows: INSERT INTO tests( name,start_at,end_at) In addition to the string format, MySQL accepts the HHMMSS as a number that represents a time value. Incorrect time value: '108000' for column 'end_at' at row 1 Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql ) MySQL issued the following error message after executing the above statement. VALUES( 'Test invalid', '083000', '108000') Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql ) In this case, MySQL will raise an error if you try to insert an invalid time value into a table. However, 108000 is not a valid time value because 80 does not represent the correct minute. VALUES( 'Test 2', '083000', '101500') Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql ) MySQL allows you to use the 'HHMMSS' format without delimiter ( : ) to represent time value. MySQL recognizes various time formats besides the 'HH:MM:SS' format that we mentioned earlier. Let’s examine all the valid time literals that MySQL can recognize. Notice that we use 'HH:MM:SS' as the literal time value in the INSERT statement. Tests Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql ) Second, insert a row into the tests table. ![]() ) Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql ) The data types of the start_at and end_at columns are TIME. Let’s take a look at an example of using the TIME data type for columns in a table.įirst, create a new table named tests that consists of four columns: id, name, start_at, and end_at. ![]() TIME(1) and TIME(2) takes 4 bytes (3 + 1) TIME(3) and TIME(6) take 5 and 6 bytes. Fractional Second Precisionįor example, TIME and TIME(0) takes 3 bytes. The following table illustrates the storage required for fractional second precision. In case a TIME value includes fractional second precision, it will take additional bytes based on the number of digits of the fractional second precision. begin_at TIME(3) Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql )Ī TIME value takes 3 bytes for storage. The following snippet defines a column with TIME data type including 3 digits of fractional seconds. N is an integer that represents the fractional part, which is up to 6 digits. In addition, a TIME value can have fractional seconds part that is up to microseconds precision (6 digits). To define a column whose data type is TIME with a fractional second precision part, you use the following syntax: column_name TIME(N) Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql ) start_at TIME Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql )Ī TIME value ranges from -838:59:59 to 838:59:59. To define a TIME column, you use the following syntax: column_name TIME Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) ( sql )įor example, the following snippet defines a column named start_at with TIME data type. MySQL uses the 'HH:MM:SS' format for querying and displaying a time value that represents a time of day, which is within 24 hours. To represent a time interval between two events, MySQL uses the 'HHH:MM:SS' format, which is larger than 24 hours. Summary: in this tutorial, we will introduce you to the MySQL TIME data type and show you useful temporal functions to manipulate time data effectively.
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